base operations

воздействие производства энергии на окружающую среду
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EN

environmental impact of energy
Energy and environmental problems are closely related, since it is nearly impossible to produce, transport, or consume energy without significant environmental impact. The environmental problems directly related to energy production and consumption include air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, and solid waste disposal. The emission of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion is the major cause of urban air pollution. Diverse water pollution problems are associated with energy usage. One major problem is oil spills. In all petroleum-handling operations, there is a finite probability of spilling oil either on the earth or in a body of water. Coal mining can also pollute water. Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with certain mineral materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage. Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage. Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal. In general, environmental problems increase with energy use and this combined with the limited energy resource base is the crux of the energy crisis. An energy impact assessment should compare these costs with the benefits to be derived from energy use. (Source: RAU)
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Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• environmental impact of energy

DE

• energiebedingte Umweltbelastung

FR

• impact de l'énergie sur l'environnement

производство нефти
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EN

oil production (chain)
The petroleum industry is a complex industry utilizing complex combination of interdependent operations engaged in the storage and transportation, separation of crude molecular constituents, molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding and solvent finishing to produce petrochemical products. Treatment may involve oil separation, precipitation, adsorption, and biological treatment. The refining operations can be divided into four major steps: separation, conversion, treating, and blending. The crude oil is first separated into selected fractions (gasoline, kerosine, fuel oil, etc.). Some of the less valuable products such as heavy naphtha, are converted to products with a greater sale value such as gasoline. The final step is the blending of the refined base stocks with each other and various additive to meet final product specifications. The major pollutants emitted are sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and malodorous materials. (Source: PZ)
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Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• oil production (chain)

DE

• Ölförderung

FR

• chaîne pétroličre

переносить сальдо — reporter un solde à nouveau

урегулировать сальдо — régler un solde

положительное сальдо платёжного баланса — surplus de la balance des paiements, excédent de la balance des paiements

сальдо платёжного баланса по основным операциям — solde de la balance de base

сальдо платёжного баланса по официальным резервным операциям — balance des opérations officielles de réserve

сальдо по статьям невидимого экспорта — balance des invisibles

сальдо торговли промышленными товарами — solde industriel

положительное сальдо торгового баланса — surplus de la balance commerciale, excédent de la balance commerciale

характеризоваться положительным сальдо — connaître un solde positif